密闭体系与开放体系模拟实验结果的比较研究及其意义

利用广泛应用的高压釜和Rock Eval热解实验技术，对松辽盆地3个有机质样品同时进行了密闭条件下的加水恒温热解实验和开放条件下的恒速升温热解实验。利用后一实验数据所标定得到的化学动力学模型计算了与高压釜相同实验条件下的有机质产油、产气率。结果表明，在线计量的恒速升温Rock Eval实验方法由于不损失C6—C13的轻质烃组分，在计量液态油的产量方面较需要抽提、恒重的高压釜实验方法更为准确。因此为解决热模拟实验中难以计量、但对成烃评价有重要意义的C6—C13组分的计量问题提供了一条有效的途经。这可能也表明，先由实验数据建立有关的化学动力学模型，之后由它来进一步计算有机质的成烃率，不仅是可行的，而且应该更为准确。     

A New Lycopsid, Zhenglia radiata gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Devonian Posongchong Formation of Southeastern Yunnan, China, and Its Evolutionary Significance

A new plant, Zhenglia radiata gen. et sp. nov., from the Posongchong Formation （Early Devonian, Pragian age） of the Wenshan District of southeastern Yunnan Province, China is a small herbaceous lycopsid. The aerial branches divide into foliar and fertile stems. The arrangement of the leaf bases on the stem shows lepidodendroid-like phyllotaxy. Possibly the leaf base bears a ligulate pit. The microphyll consists of a swollen, decurrent base, and an entire, linear lamina. The fertile axis is composed of sporophylls arranged helically, forming a compact area similar to cone-like structure. Each sporophyll consists of a widened lateral extension and a distal lamina. The ovoid-elongate sporangia are attached adaxially on the surface of sporophylls. Based on morphological similarities, especially the undivided microphylls, the style of phyllotaxy, the form of the cone-like structures and sporangia, the new lycopsid Zhenglia radiata is placed in the order Protolepidodendrales and a possible evolutionary relationship with the arborescent lycopsids of the Late Devonian and Carboniferous is considered.     

Ultrahigh-pressure and Retrograde Metamorphic Ages for Paleozoic Protolith of Paragneiss in the Main Drill Hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project （CCSD-MH）, SW Sulu UHP Terrane

Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that most zircon crystals separated from paragneiss in the main drill hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-MH) at Maobei, southwestern Sulu terrane, contain low-pressure mineral-bearing detrital cores, coesite-bearing mantles and quartz-bearing or mineral inclusion-free rims. SHRIMP U Pb dating on these zoned zircons yield three discrete and meaningful age groups. The detrital cores yield a large age span from 659 to 313 Ma, indicating the protolith age for the analyzed paragneiss is Paleozoic rather than Proterozoic. The coesite-bearing mantles yield a weighted mean age of 228 ± 5 Ma for the UHP event. The quartz-bearing outmost rims yield a weighted mean age of 213 ± 6 Ma for the retrogressive event related to the regional amphibolite facies metamorphism in the Sulu UHP terrane. Combined with previous SHRIMP U-Pb dating results from orthogneiss in CCSD-MH, it is suggested that both Neoproterozoic granitic protolith and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks were subducted to mantle depths in the Late Triassic. About 15 million years later, the Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks were exhumed to mid-crustal levels and overprinted by an amphibolite-facies retrogressive metamorphism. The exhumation rate deduced from the SHRIMP data and metamorphic P-T conditions is about 6.7 km/Ma. Such a fast exhumation suggests that the Sulu UHP paragneiss and orthogneiss returned towards the surface as a dominant part of a buoyant sliver, caused as a consequence of slab breakoff.     

云南个旧锡矿床铅、硫同位素研究

对个旧锡矿床的铅、硫同位素进行了研究,研究结果表明,矿石中的铅、硫同位素主要来自基性岩,少量来自花岗岩,矿床的形成经历了印支期的基性火山成矿作用(铅模式年龄200-280Ma)和燕山期花岗岩的叠加改造成矿作用(铅模式年龄80-160Ma).进一步表明,个旧锡矿床为一个多成因多物质来源的矿床.     

Ⅱ型SMA-橡胶隔震支座及其理论模型

将形状记忆合金（SMA）索与普通叠层橡胶垫复合可以形成具有滞回阻尼性能的SMA-橡胶隔震支座。在原SMA-橡胶支座（Ⅰ型）的基础上，在支座中增加弹簧改善SMA耗能拉索的功能，设计了Ⅱ型SMA-橡胶支座，建立了支座的理论模型。通过数值计算详细考察了此种支座的工作特性，并与Ⅰ型SMA-橡胶支座的性能进行了对比。     

区域气候模式(RegCM2)与水文模式耦合的数值试验

建立不均匀的地表径流算法，修改RegCM2的径流方案，设计了一个适合与气候模式RegCM2耦合、能模拟水文站流量的汇流模式，模拟了1998年6、7、8月降水的空间分布，分析了该径流方案对降水、地表热量通量、地表径流、土壤湿度产生的影响。结果表明：（1）该方案在模拟1998年长江流域降水空间分布上有一定的合理性，在一定程度上改善了降水量的模拟，其影响大致是总降水量的10％；（2）地表径流方案改变了地面向大气输送的热量通量，这种作用随时间发生变化，这种变化与地表水分的再分配有关；（3）本方案计算的土壤渗透率较强，在暴雨初期，产生径流较少，而在暴雨后期土壤湿度增大，产生的地表径流较大，这一点更符合洪水形成的特点；（4）水文一气候耦合模式模拟了两个长江水文站的流量，模拟值基本反映了实测值的变化趋势，也表明耦合模式基本能反映1998年夏季长江流域大暴雨期间的地表水文过程。     

北苏鲁超高压变质岩锆石中的矿物包体

北苏鲁莒南—岚山头—日照—桃行—仰口—荣成—威海一带榴辉岩的围岩经历了强烈角闪岩相退变质作用的改造,峰期超高压矿物组合已完全被后期退变矿物组合所取代。锆石微区阴极发光图像和矿物包体激光拉曼测试研究结果表明,132件不同类型岩石(包括榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩、正片麻岩、副片麻岩、大理岩、蓝晶石英岩、云母片岩和钙镁硅酸盐类变质岩等)锆石中,普遍隐藏以柯石英为代表的超高压矿物包体。此外,在南苏鲁东海及其邻区的地表露头和一系列钻孔岩心的锆石中,也普遍发现以柯石英为代表的超高压矿物包体。该项研究成果表明,在苏鲁地体由榴辉岩及其围岩的原岩所组成的陆壳岩石(约320km×20km×5km)曾发生过巨量物质深俯冲—超高压变质的壮观地质事件。     

GIS中空间信息多种地图显示模式的研究

通过对目前GIS中电子地图显示的分析研究,指出了GIS中空间信息地图显示存在的问题。针对目前电子地图显示模式的单一性、显示环境的多变性和显示效果的平淡性,提出了电子地图显示模式的概念。指出了影响地图显示模式变换的因素主要有空间数据的用途、屏幕比例尺、使用环境和显示的设备等,并分析了常用地图显示模式的可视化特点。对基于多种地图显示模式的符号库和显示模板进行了初步的研究,为深入研究空间信息可视化进行了初步尝试。     

红河州2005年初夏干旱火箭增雨技术研究

对2005年红河州初夏干旱进行4次大规模人工增雨作业过程、影响天气系统、雷达回波和探空资料进行研究分析,得出初夏降雨天气过程的前锋主要为对流云系,然后演变成混合云或深厚层状云,其云系均具有较大催化潜力,是人工增雨的有利作业对象。提出人工增雨机制,指出现行两种增雨火箭播撒催化能力和作业催化的利弊。初步提出适合人工增雨的条件、监测识别方法和催化部位、催化时机和催化剂量理论参数。     

Application and Study of Precipitation Schemes in Weather Simulation in Summer and Winter over China

Through simulation of summer and winter precipitation cases in China, the cloud precipitation schemes of model were examined. Results indicate that it is discrepant between convective precipitation simulated by the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme and Betts-Miller (BM) scheme in summer, the former scheme is better than the latter in this case. The ambient atmosphere may be varied by different convective schemes. The air is wetter and the updraft is stronger in the KF scheme than in the BM scheme, which can induce the more grid scale precipitation in the KF scheme, i.e., the different cumulus schemes may have the different and important effect on the grid scale precipitation. However, there is almost no convective rain in winter in northern China, so the effect of cumulus precipitation on the grid scale precipitation can be disregarded. Therefore, the gird scale precipitation is primary in the winter of northern China.